In 1958 100 women were written up in the literature with endometriosis on the lung causing it to fill up with fluid and collapse.  Catamenial pneumothorax was considered extremely rare, but actually an  under-recognized manifestation of catamenial ectopic endometriosis.  2016 record numbers of women have been diagnosed globally with menstrual lung collapse and other presentations referred to as Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome.

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